Vitamin D deficiency is widespread, and boosting your levels to an optimal range - that is, between 50 and 80 ng/mL, which is significantly higher than official 'non-deficient' levels - can yield a wide range of benefits for energy, mood, bone health, and immune function. Vitamin D is synergistic with Vitamin K2.

Creatine is one of the most well-researched supplements, period. It is not just for body builders - rather, it has positive physical and cognitive effects for everyone. Among other things, it helps boost ATP energy production. May be especially important for vegetarians, whose diet is likely lower in creatine.

There are a wide range of benefits to supplementing with molecular hydrogen (H2), including increased energy, reduced inflammation, increased antioxidant production, and improved metabolic and cognitive health. Research is ongoing, but this may prove to be one of the most broadly effective supplements ever discovered.

Sleep is critical to long-term health, and these are one of the easiest and best hacks for improved sleep. Research suggests that the blue spectrum of light is particularly harmful to sleep, because it communicates to the brain that it is morning, which can result in a shutting down of melatonin production and an increase in cortisol. Glasses with orange-tinted lenses effectively block the blue spectrum of light, and a large-scale field experiment showed that wearing these improved sleep and next day productivity.

Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that is primarily responsible for our circadian rhythm (sleep and wake cycles). Our body's natural production of melatonin goes down as we age, and is also negatively affected by artificial light and other aspects of modern life. Supplementing with the correct forms and dosage of melatonin promotes increased sleep efficiency (less time awake in bed) and quality (more deep and REM sleep). Melatonin is also a powerful antioxidant and shows anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects.

Maintaining a healthy gut biome is one of the most important things one can do for longterm health and longevity. Evidence is rapidly accumulating for the importance of our gut biome for almost all aspects of health, including cardiovascular health, maintaing healhy blood sugar levels and avoiding diabetes, joint inflammation, cognitive function and even psychological well-being. And, recent evidence suggests that the most effective way to accomplish this is to eat the right kinds of fiber, which act as 'food' for the beneficial strains of probiotics. This can be accomplished partly by eating high amounts of vegetables, but also supplementing with Acacia Fiber can help even more and may be easier on one's digestion.

Collagen is excellent for joints, skin, and hair. I personally noticed better looking skin and hair, and less joint pain, when I increased my intake of collagen. The modern meat-based diet includes excessive muscle meats (steaks, chicken breasts, etc), which are high in the amino acid methionine and low in glycine. Bone broth and collagen are the opposite and help you to maintain the correct glycine to methionine ratio.

A high quality fish oil provides essential Omega-3 fatty acids including DHA and EPA, which are important for brain health, can be anti-inflammatory, and can reduce triglycerides. Many fish oil supplements out there are of poor quality, rancid, not containing the fish that they claim to, etc. If you eat a lot of fish, you may not need to supplement with fish oil.

Magnesium is a mineral that is critical for a wide range of processes in the body, yet many people have less than optimal levels. Magnesium glycinate is a particularly bioavailable form.

Curcumin (contained in turmeric) is a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant that can benefit cardiovascular health, and has also recently been shown to improve memory and mood. Unfortunately it has low bioavailability in most forms; this form is designed to address that.

This is the single most effective supplement I've found for preventing illness (e.g., colds), and greatly reducing the length and symptoms of illness. It's a whole food yeast fermentate that has been shown to increase immune system function.

Polyphenols are potent natural antioxidants generally found in brightly-colored vegetables and fruits (especially berries), fresh spices, coffee, green tea and dark chocolate. They can help boost mitochondrial function, energy, cardiovascular, gut and brain health, and reduce inflammation.